Same-Sex Divorce in Texas

Divorce can be an emotionally and financially stressful process for any couple. However, same-sex couples face specific legal issues that differ from those faced by heterosexual couples. While same-sex couples can now enjoy marriage equality, divorce equality is still catching up. From splitting assets to child custody rights, the details of divorce that are often clear in a heterosexual marriage can be more complex for same-sex couples.

Texas has a history of banning and restricting these unions, which can create additional challenges for same-sex couples seeking divorce. If you’re in a same-sex relationship and considering divorce, it’s important to understand the legal issues involved and to hire an experienced lawyer to guide you through the process. In this blog, we’ll examine the laws and procedures related to same-sex divorce in Texas, and explore ways to navigate the process more easily.

Same-sex marriage wasn’t legal until 2015, when the U.S. Supreme Court issued a landmark ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges. That decision made same-sex marriage legal across the entire country, including in Texas.

Before 2015, same-sex couples in Texas couldn’t legally marry or divorce. Many had to travel to other states just to end their relationships legally. This made things complicated and confusing, especially for couples trying to understand how to get divorced.

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Legal Rights and Challenges of Same-Sex Divorce in Texas

1. Marriage Status

One of the first legal hurdles for same-sex couples divorcing in Texas is determining the legal status of their relationship. While same-sex marriage is now legal across the U.S., some couples may have been married in a jurisdiction where it wasn’t recognized at the time, or they may have entered into a domestic partnership or civil union. In such cases, they may need to take additional legal steps to confirm that their relationship qualifies as a legal marriage under Texas law. A lawyer can assist with this process and ensure everything is handled appropriately.

2. Property Division

Another legal issue same-sex couples may encounter during divorce is property division. In Texas, property division is governed by community property law, which generally splits marital property based on what was earned or acquired during the marriage. However, many same-sex couples lived together in long-term relationships before they could legally marry. Texas law does not automatically count those years as part of the legal marriage for property division purposes.

If a couple acquired property before their legal marriage—even jointly—the court may treat it as separate property unless there is a legal agreement (such as a partnership or cohabitation agreement) or clear evidence of joint ownership.

3. Child Custody and Support

Child custody can be particularly complex in same-sex divorces. Texas law does not distinguish between same-sex and opposite-sex parents when deciding custody and support; what matters is the best interest of the child. A couple might have adopted a child, used a surrogate or sperm donor, or one partner may have brought a child into the relationship from a previous marriage. If both partners are not legally recognized as the child’s parents—such as when only one party legally adopted the child—custody matters can become complicated.

An attorney can help protect the parental rights of both parties and ensure decisions are made based on the child’s best interest.

4. Spousal Support (Maintenance)

Spousal maintenance in Texas is limited and granted only under specific circumstances:

• The marriage must have lasted at least 10 years, or
• The paying spouse was convicted of family violence within two years of filing, or
• The requesting spouse is disabled or caring for a disabled child, making them unable to earn sufficient income.

Although same-sex couples have equal rights to request maintenance, challenges may arise when there is disagreement about when the “real” relationship began compared to when the marriage was legally recognized.

5. Right to File for Divorce in Texas

Same-sex couples are fully entitled to file for divorce in Texas. However, they must meet the residency requirements. At least one spouse must have lived in Texas for six months and in the county where the divorce is filed for at least 90 days. This can present a hurdle for couples who have recently relocated to Texas and do not yet meet these requirements.

Even if the marriage took place in another state or country, Texas recognizes same-sex marriages legally performed elsewhere, and Texas courts have jurisdiction as long as residency conditions are met.

6. Protective Orders and Enforcement

All divorcing individuals—regardless of gender or sexual orientation—have the right to seek protective orders in cases of domestic violence, harassment, or threats. They also have the right to request enforcement of court orders regarding child support, custody, or property division when the other party fails to comply.

Texas courts can impose fines, wage garnishment, or even jail time for violations of court orders.

7. Discrimination

Same-sex couples may still face discrimination or bias during the divorce process, whether from the legal system or from their ex-partners. Although the legalization of same-sex marriage has advanced LGBTQ+ rights, prejudice and stereotypes can still influence legal proceedings. A knowledgeable attorney can help ensure your rights are protected and that discrimination does not affect the outcome of your case.

Process for Obtaining a Same-Sex Divorce in Texas

The process for obtaining a same-sex divorce in Texas is essentially the same as for opposite-sex couples. One spouse must begin by filing a petition for divorce with the appropriate court, and the other spouse must be formally served with a copy of this petition.

After the petition is filed, the couple must resolve several key issues: division of property, child custody and visitation (if applicable), and spousal support. These issues may be resolved through negotiation, often with the assistance of attorneys or mediators. If an agreement cannot be reached, the case may proceed to trial.

If the case goes to trial, a judge will make decisions on any unresolved matters. Trials can be both time-consuming and costly, so it is generally in the best interest of the couple to resolve as many matters as possible outside of court.

Once all issues are resolved—either through agreement or by court order—the court will issue a final divorce decree, officially ending the marriage.

Tips for Navigating the Same-Sex Divorce Process in Texas

If you’re considering a same-sex divorce in Texas, here are some important tips:

1. Prepare for Potential Challenges
   Same-sex divorces may involve unique legal or logistical hurdles, especially for couples married in other states or with complex financial arrangements. Be proactive and work closely with your attorney and any necessary experts.
2. Seek Legal Counsel
   Hire a divorce attorney experienced in same-sex divorce cases in Texas. A knowledgeable attorney can provide crucial legal advice, represent your interests, and help ensure that your rights are upheld.
3. Consider Mediation
   Mediation is often a less adversarial and more cost-effective way to resolve disputes involving property, child custody, or support. It can help reduce both emotional stress and legal expenses.
4. Take Care of Your Well-Being
   Divorce can be emotionally draining. Prioritize your mental and emotional health. Lean on friends, family, or professional counseling, and give yourself space to heal and move forward.

Final Thoughts

Same-sex divorce is a complex legal process that benefits from the guidance of an experienced attorney. Issues such as establishing the legal status of the marriage, property division, child custody, and potential discrimination require a deep understanding of both the law and each couple’s individual circumstances. Attempting to navigate these challenges without legal help can lead to serious emotional and financial consequences. An attorney experienced in same-sex divorce can help protect your rights and ensure you are positioned to start the next chapter of your life with confidence.

Contact Us

If you’re in need of Texas-based divorce mediation or a same-sex divorce attorney, Mokolo Law Firm PLLC is a trusted Houston divorce law firm with the experience to achieve the results you and your family deserve.